Who Should Attend?
The course is intended for SDH/DWDM technical staff, their management, and anyone who needs  to broaden knowledge about transmission systems.

Course Content

1. Introduction to transmission systems.
   • Analog and digital transmission.
   • Multiplexing (FDM, TDM, WDM, CDM, synchronous, asynchronous, statistical).
   • Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy.
2. Introduction to Synchronous Digital Hierarchy.
   • Why SDH?
   • Comparison of SDH and SONET.
   • Line topology and network layers (sections, paths).
   • SDH procedures.
   • SDH multiplexing structure.
3. SDH frame structures.
   • Synchronous transport module STM-N, overheads (RSOH, MSOH).
   • Virtual containers and overheads (POH).
4. Pointer and adaptation.
   • Administrative units, tributary units.
   • Pointer formats.
   • Pointer procedures.
   • Payload adaptation.
5. Networks elements.
   • Types of elements (line multiplexers, terminal multiplexer, add-drop multiplexer, crossconnects).
   • Functional blocks.
6. Network topologies and resilience.
   • Topologies (point-to-point, rings, mash, mixed).
   • Protection basics.
   • Multiplex section or line protection (MSP, MSDPRing, MSSPRing, VC-P, SNCP).
   • Restoration.
7. DWDM.
   • Fiber optic cable.
   • Optical sources, detectors, and amplifiers.
   • Idea of fiber optic transmission.
   • Dense wavelength division multiplexing lines.
   • Network elements.
   • Maintenance and monitoring DWDM lines.
8. Optical transport network OTN.
   • Migration from DWDM to OTN.
   • OTN architecture.
   • OTN elements and network topology.
   • Optical transport hierarchy (OTH).
9. Synchronization of transmission networks.
   • Clocks (PRC, SSU, SEC).
   • Synchronization network topology.
   • Disturbances in synchronization signal.
   • Synchronization measurements.
10. Transport over SDH networks.
    • Mapping and concatenation.
    • PDH over SDH.
    • ATM over SDH.
    • HDLC frames mapping.
    • Packet over SDH.
    • Ethernet over SDH.
11. Next Generation SDH.
    • NG SDH vs. SDH.
    • Virtual  concatenation and LCAS.
    • Data over NG SDH.
12. Maintenance and monitoring.
    • SDH events.
    • Interaction of maintenance signals.
    • Performance monitoring.
    • Tests and measurements.

Course Objectives
This course provides an understanding of the synchronous transmission systems and networks and its applications. SDH/DWDM is a course covering all aspects of synchronous digital transmission systems and networks. It presents the knowledge useful for those who in their everyday work operate, maintain and supervise the SDH/DWDM network, and also for those who will be do it.

Pre-requisites
A basic understanding of telecommunications and some experience would be an advantage.
Training Structure
Three days training divided into logical sessions.
Methodology
Instructor led training.